Livestock Diversification: Issues and Trends

Although wildlife production has ancient origins, the current global wave of interest gained momentum about 1970. This article reviews the development and current status of wildlife farming with special emphasis on bison and deer, reveals development trends, and raises issues relating to conservation and community development. The farming of bison is now firmly established in North America with a commercial herd of about 500 000 animals. The farming of deer is more widespread and numbers may exceed five million worldwide. The main products are venison (meat), velvet (growing antlers), and breeding stock. Commercial wildlife production raises important issues of economic and ecological sustainability, welfare, and social equity. There is an urgent need for more precise information on the status, dynamics, and policy implications of this emerging industry.